When is it appropriate to use domperidone?
Domperidone must never be used as the first approach to correcting breastfeeding difficulties. Domperidone is not a cure for all things. It must not be used unless all other factors which may result in insufficient milk supply have been dealt with first. These include:

• 1. correcting the baby's latch so that the baby can obtain as efficiently as possible the milk which the mother has available. Correcting the latch may be all that is necessary to change a situation of "not enough milk" to one of "plenty of milk."
  
  
• 2. using breast compression to increase the intake of milk (see Breast Compression).
  
  
• 3. using milk expression after feedings to increase the supply.
  
  
• 4. correcting sucking problems, stopping the use of artificial nipples (see Using a Lactation Aid, and Finger Feeding) and other stratagems.
  

Using domperidone for increasing milk production

Domperidone works particularly well to increase milk production under the following circumstances:

• It has frequently been noted that a mother who is pumping milk for a sick or premature baby in hospital has a decrease in the amount she pumps around 4 or 5 weeks after the baby is born. The reasons for this are likely many, but domperidone generally brings the amount of milk pumped back to where it was or even to higher levels.
• When a mother has a decrease in milk supply, often associated with the use of birth control pills (avoid estrogen containing birth control pills while breastfeeding), or on occasion for no obvious reason when the baby is 3 or 4 months old, domperidone will often bring the supply back to normal.

Domperidone still works, but often less dramatically when:

• The mother is pumping for a sick or premature baby but has not managed to develop a full milk supply.
• The mother is trying to develop a full milk supply while nursing an adopted baby.
• The mother is trying to wean the baby from supplements.
   

Side effects of domperidone

As with all medications, side effects are possible, and many have been reported with domperidone (textbooks often list any side effect ever reported, but symptoms reported are not necessarily due to the drug a person is taking). There is no such thing as a 100% safe drug. However, our clinical experience has been that side effects in the mother are extremely uncommon, except for increasing milk supply. Some side effects which mothers we have treated have reported (very uncommonly, incidentally):

• dry mouth
• headache which disappeared when the dose was reduced
• abdominal cramps

The amount that gets into the milk is so tiny that side effects in the baby should not be expected. Mothers have not reported any to us, in many years of use. Certainly the amount the baby gets through the milk is a tiny percentage of what babies would get if being treated for spitting up.
 

Are there long term concerns about the use of domperidone?

The manufacturer states in its literature that chronic treatment with domperidone in rodents has resulted in increased numbers of breast tumors in the rodents. The literature goes on to state that this has never been documented in humans. Note that toxicity studies of medication usually require treatment with huge doses over periods of time involving most or all of the animal's lifetime. Note also that not breastfeeding increases the risk of breast cancer, and breast cancer risk decreases the longer you breastfeed.
 

Using Domperidone

Generally, we start domperidone at 20 milligrammes (two 10 mg tablets) four times a day. Printouts from the pharmacy often suggest taking domperidone 30 minutes before eating, but that is because of its use for digestive intolerance. You can take the domperidone about every 6 hours, when it is convenient (there is no need to wake up to keep to a 6 hour schedule - it does not make any difference). Most mothers take the domperidone for 3 to 8 weeks. Mothers who are nursing adopted babies may have to take the drug much longer.

After starting domperidone, it may take 3 or 4 days before you notice any effect, though sometimes mothers notice an effect within 24 hours. It appears to take 2 to 3 weeks to get a maximum effect.

After you have used domperidone for two weeks, we ask you to call (416) 813-5757 (option 3) and ask for a return call. Based on your information, a decision will be made what to do next. If you have unexplained symptoms at any time call the same number immediately.

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About the Author

JACK NEWMAN graduated from the University of Toronto medical school as a pediatrician in 1970. He started the first hospital-based breastfeeding clinic in Canada in 1984 at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children. He has been a consultant with UNICEF for the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative in Africa, and has published articles on the subject of breastfeeding in Scientific American and several medical journals. Dr. Newman has practiced as a physician in Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa.

If you would like to contact Dr. Newman, you can mail him at:  newman@globalserve.net