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Commonly Asked Questions Answered

 

Commonly asked questions about breastfeeding answered.
Click on one of the topics below


 
5 days after birth, milk still not in!
 
8 day old baby on formula, can I start breastfeeding?
 
8 month old still exclusively breastfed, does she need iron?
 
Are there foods I shouldn't eat?
 
Baby crying at nipple
 
Baby sleeping a long time, breasts very engorged
 
Baby spitting up every feeding, help!
 
Breastfeeding painful, want to stop/wean
 
Can daughter go more than 3 hours between feedings?
 
Can I drink alcoholic drinks?
 
Can I drink a glass of wine with dinner?
 
Can I get pregnant while nursing?
 
Can I have caffeine drinks?
 
Can I re-lactate?
 
Can I take birth control pills?
 
"Can I use a pacifier?
 
Confused on feeding - one breast or two?
 
Daughter 1 year, what percentage of her diet should be breastmilk?
 
Daughter on a food strike - help!
 
Discouraged Mom Seeks Help
 
How can I diet to lose weight?
 
How can I get my baby to sleep through the night?
 
How can I prevent dry, cracked nipples?
 
How can I tell if my baby is getting enough breast milk?
 
How do I treat sore nipples?
 
How long should I nurse at each feeding?
 
How much should my son be eating?
 
How often should I feed my baby?
 
I have a very sleepy baby, help!
 
Is 3 1/2 months too early to stop breastfeeding?
 
Is my baby getting enough?
 
Is nipple preparation necessary?
 
Is it normal for my baby to have infrequent bowel movements?
 
Is it OK for me to exercise?
 
Is it safe to have an occasional glass of wine?
 
I've had diarrhea, daughter having more BMs, did I pass a bug to baby?
 
Left breast twice the size of right breast
 
More on thrush
 
My baby is not gaining weight!
 
My milk was like cow's milk, now it's thin.  Is something wrong?
 
Need help getting baby to accept bottle
 
Reviewing Breastfeeding Basics
 
  Should I give water or formula to my baby?
 
Supplementing newborn, would like to go back to breast exclusively, help!
 
What should I do if I have inverted nipples?
 
What are the drawbacks of using a nipple shield?
 
What foods should be avoided?
 
What is a growth spurt?
 
What is a nursing strike?
 
What is a plugged duct?  A breast infection?
 
What is a Supplemental Nursing System (SNS)?
 
What is the proper diet for a nursing mother?
 
What is nipple confusion?
 
What is thrush?
 
When should I start solid foods?
 
When will my periods start?
 
Will my baby bite?
 



 
What is a plugged duct?  A breast infection?.

If you don't empty your breasts when they are full, you could get a plugged duct.   It will get "stopped up" just like a plumbing pipe.  When this happens, you might notice a small tender spot or lump in the breast.  It might happen when the baby decides to sleep through the night, or if you get busy and don't nurse as often.  Sometimes a tight bra can be pressing on a milk duct.  Stress and poor nutrition can also cause plugged milk ducts.  Do this for a plugged duct:

*Get plenty of rest and nurse OFTEN.  Take the baby to bed with you.

*Apply warm moist heat to the affected breast or soak it in warm water, or take a hot shower or bath.

*Massage the breast before nursing to help the milk flow.

*Change positions each time you nurse so all ducts will be emptied.

If you have the same symptoms PLUS feel achy like you have the "flu" and a fever, you probably have a BREAST INFECTION (MASTITIS).  You get a breast infection if you do not treat a plugged duct.  If your breast does get infected, you should use the same treatments as above and also call your health care provider.  An antibiotic will probably be prescribed for you.  Remember to continue nursing frequently.   The milk from an infected breast will not harm the baby.  Breast infections are common during the holiday season because a lot of mothers get so busy they skip feedings. (1)




  How do I treat sore nipples?.

Some amount of tenderness at first is normal, but if the baby is held in the correct position, nipples should never blister, crack or bleed.  If your nipples do get sore, you should do the following:

*Change positions at every feeding.  This puts the pressure of the baby's gums on a different spot each time. (Cradle hold, lying down and football  hold.) 

*Nurse more often, but for shorter lengths of time.  If you go longer between feedings, the baby will be hungrier and nurse too hard and make your breasts even more sore.

*Rub breast milk on the nipple after each feeding and let dry.  It actually helps heal them.

*Don't use soap or alcohol on the nipples.

*If the pain is severe, take a mild painkiller about 30 minutes before nursing.

If your nipples are CRACKED OR BLEEDING, rub a small amount of medical grade modified lanolin (made specifically for breastfeeding mothers) on the nipples.  This treatment, called "moist wound healing," will relieve pain, and provide a moisture barrier that will slow the evaporation of moisture that is present in the skin.  It will allow the wound to heal much faster without forming a scab.   Pure lanolin does not have to be removed before the baby nurses. (1)

.
Nursing to me is painful (baby bites down and sucks hard in any position), inconvenient when we are out and busy, and is not a bonding experience for me. My husband also feels helpless when our son is crying because he is hungry and I am the only one that can help him.  I want to switch to bottles.  How often do I need to pump per day?

My heart goes out to you.  I had such a bad experience with my first daughter that I actually said I would never try breastfeeding again. My two daughters are 15 years apart though, and time has a way of dulling memories, so I decided to give it another try. Pain again!

This time I got help, and after I found out that breastfeeding could be pain-free, I began to enjoy it. As time went by, I began to love it, and as you can see now, I decided to change professions!

There is nothing in the world more wonderful than breastfeeding your baby--but it will never be understood when you are in pain. Feeding time with your baby should be happy and fun, so of course yours hasn't been a bonding experience! I understand your decision to change to bottle feeding, but would encourage you before you do to try to find help.   Breastfeeding is meant to feel good! If breastfeeding hurts, it's WRONG.

It could be simply a positioning problem-- something that a lactation consultant could help you with very quickly. It could also be a yeast problem (very likely) which causes exquisite pain. It could be a suck problem. But regardless of what is causing the pain, there is help available.  La Leche League can also be a great help to you. It was there that I learned how to breastfeed my baby when I was out and about and later even to discretely nurse in public. (No bottles to fool with).

As to your husband feeling helpless, he can certainly give your baby a bottle. It is only during the early weeks that women should avoid bottles because of nipple confusion.   Once a baby is a month old, he should be able to go back and forth from one to the other.

If you are sure that you don't want to seek further help with breastfeeding, and you want to change to pumping bottles, my first advice to you is to get a good hospital-grade breast pump with double pumping. Double pumping has been shown to actually help increase supply, in addition to cutting your pumping time in half. You will need to pump on a similar schedule to what your baby has been doing--approximately every 3 hours during the day, and at least once at night. As your baby grows and you need more milk, you can increase frequency for several days (every 2 hours while you are awake) to help increase your supply. Double pumping only takes 10-15 minutes total.

Cher Sealy, RN, BSN, IBCLC, LLLL




  When will my periods start?.

Most mothers who are nursing completely (no solids or formula) will not have menstrual periods for several months.  Some women even go much longer than that.   It depends on your hormones.  Nursing while you are having a period will not affect your milk and is not a reason to wean.  However, your nipples and breasts might be a little tender during this time. (1)




  Can I get pregnant while nursing?.

YES, YOU CAN get pregnant while breastfeeding, but it is rare to ovulate before you have your first menstrual period.  Complete breastfeeding (no solids, formula, or even pacifiers) will probably protect you for the first 4 or 5 months.  If it is important that you NOT get pregnant, use some other type of birth control.  Ask your doctor for advice on other types of birth control. 

In countries where MOST women breastfeed, and they use NO birth control, the babies come about every two years. (1)




  Can I take birth control pills?.

Yes.  Birth control pills are used by many nursing mothers, but other contraceptive methods are better.  The "mini" pill, (progestin only) or the Norplant are commonly used.  These appear to have less effect on your milk supply and your baby's growth than the other pills.  But they probably will affect both.

The "regular" birth control pill (estrogen-progestin) definitely affects your milk supply and your baby's growth.  It is better to wait at least 4 to 6 months (when your baby is taking solids) before taking them.

There are other birth control options.  Condoms and diaphragms are excellent choices that don't affect your milk supply or your baby's growth. (1)




  What is thrush?.

Thrush is a yeast infection in the baby's mouth.  It looks like white patches on his tongue, gums and inside his cheeks.  It may also show up as a diaper rash that peels or looks like red dots.  It is often caused by antibiotics that have been given to either the mother or the baby.

When a baby has thrush, it will usually spread to the mother's nipples and they will become red and very sore.  When you get sore nipples after several weeks or even months of breastfeeding, thrush is probably the cause.

The treatment for thrush usually involves nystatin (Mycostatin) ointment or drops.   Both the baby's mouth and the mother's nipples have to be treated with it. (1)




  More On thrush..

Some  tips for thrush treatment:

1) Be sure to boil everyday for 10 minutes anything that goes in the baby's mouth (except for your breast!).

2) Be sure to use the nystatin for a full ten days on both baby and you. It is best if you apply the ointment to your nipples lightly but frequently, after every nursing.

3) Also, you should apply the nystatin lotion to baby's mouth with a Q tip and rub it all around. It works topically, not through the stomach so swallowing doesn't help!

One lactation consultant suggests this method of applying the nystatin to baby: In the morning, pour out the total amount of nystatin for the day into a clean paper cup. Put the nystatin in baby's mouth after every nursing but use a clean Q tip every time you dip into the medicine. That way you are applying the medicine more often without using too much over the course of the day. It will kill the yeast more effectively that way.

Elaine Matheny, BS, IBCLC





  Are there foods I shouldn't eat?.


Generally speaking, you can eat anything you want to, IN MODERATION.  Most mothers are able to eat anything they want with no problems.  However, there are some babies whose digestive systems are not fully mature, and spicy and gassy foods like pizza, onions, cabbage, broccoli or beans MIGHT make them fussy.  Chocolate and caffeine may also give them problems.  Try eating different foods, one at a time, to see how your baby reacts to them.  If something really makes him fussy and uncomfortable, don't eat it for a couple of weeks.  As his digestive system matures, he can handle much more. (1)




  Can I have caffeine drinks?.

Coffee, tea, and soft drinks with caffeine should be limited.  Caffeine does pass through the milk and makes some babies restless and fussy.  Try decaffeinated coffee and tea and caffeine-free soft drinks.  (1)




  Can I drink alcoholic drinks?.

Alcohol is a drug and it does pass through the milk to your baby.  Nursing babies whose mothers are heavy drinkers sometimes don't gain enough weight and their central nervous systems are affected.  It also affects your "letdown."  If you do want to drink occasionally, make sure you do it right after you nurse.  Drinking after nursing means the alcohol level in your milk will be low (or gone) by the next feeding. (1)

.



  I have quit smoking since I found out I was pregnant and haven't smoked yet. My baby is 6 months old now and I'm struggling with wanting a cigarette. My concern is that I don't know what will harm her....I need more information on nicotine and breastfeeding.

Congratulations on going so long without smoking. You obviously care very much about doing the best thing for your baby. She is very lucky to have you as her mommy!

Research has shown that nicotine can enter the milk but that if moms smoke fewer than 20 cigarettes a day, the amount of nicotine in the milk is small. It is best to smoke after nursing which will allow the effects to pass out of your system before the next nursing session. Heavy smoking (more than 20) can reduce milk supply and have a strong effect on the baby. Certainly the second hand smoke is most poisonous to infants and everyone should smoke away from the baby.

The problem with smoking as many as 20 cigarettes a day would be the time away from the baby. I can't figure out how a person could do it and nurse often enough! Actually, by continuing to breastfeed even if you start smoking again, you are still helping your baby to keep from getting upper respiratory infections often seen in babies who are exposed to smoke.

For your own health, and that of your baby's, I would hope that you can keep resisting the urge to smoke again.

Good luck and best wishes to you and your baby!

Sincerely, Elaine Matheny, BS, IBCLC

  .



  I have a cold/flu, with nasal congestion, sore throat and headache. Is there anything I can take to relieve my symptoms?

When looking for medicine for cold or flu symptoms, look for something that says "Non-drowsy formula." Otherwise this type of medication usually contains antihistamines--something that breastfeeding mothers should avoid, since they can decrease milk supply. Also it is best to avoid time-release medications.  Instead, buy the strength that you need to take again after 4-6 hours. Time-release medications do not always go into the bloodstream (from which milk is made) in evenly-released doses.

Also, check with local pharmacists. They are usually a wonderful but often-forgotten source of knowledge for breastfeeding women.

While you are sick, drink plenty of fluids, get extra rest, and keep nursing your baby. You may notice your milk supply decrease while you are sick. That is a normal response to physical stress (illness). As you get your rest and get well, your supply should come back up. Hope you feel better soon!

Cher Sealy, RN, BSN, IBCLC, LLLL

  .



  I had breast surgery to correct uneven breasts.  The surgery involved reduction on one side and augmentation (saline implant) on the other. I was told I would not be able to know if I could breastfeed until I actually tried.  Now it has been recommended to me that I not even try breastfeeding because this may lead to infection or a leaky implant. Can you help?

You say it has been recommended to you that you not even try breastfeeding because it may lead to infection or a leaky implant. I don't know who gave you this advice, but it is not based on any research I know of. There is no reason to believe that breastfeeding will cause implants to leak, and breastfeeding is not going to cause infection.

Millions of women have breast implants, and many of these women have breastfed their babies. You say you have saline implants, but even with silicone, there is no evidence that the silicone used in implants can pass into the milk. Since most implants are inserted through incisions under the breast or in the armpit, it is very unlikely that any milk ducts would have been severed. However, one problem with implants is that they put you more at risk for problems with engorgement.  Educate yourself about how to prevent and treat engorgement so that you will reduce the chances.

With reduction surgery, it is much more likely that nerves may be damaged or milk ducts cut. As time passes, milk ducts can grow back, nerves can repair themselves, and sensitivity can return.

The most important thing you can do is to educate yourself about breastfeeding in general and signs of adequate intake (wet diapers and stools, etc.) Also realize that it is possible to entirely sustain a baby with only one breast.

Get in touch with a local lactation consultant and La Leche League. La Leche League has a pamphlet called "Nursing with Breast Implants." Also, La Leche League's book, "The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding", discusses all these issues. 

It is true that you will not know whether you can successfully breastfeed until you try it. However, there is certainly a very good chance that you can. Even if you find that your supply is not adequate, a nursing supplementer can enable you to continue feeding your baby at the breast.  Good luck!

Cher Sealy, RN, BSN, IBCLC, LLLL


 .

  I want to lose weight and get back in shape.  Will nursing inhibit or slow my weight loss?  Also, is it ok to breastfeed   immediately after a workout?

Breastfeeding effects weight loss differently in every woman. The important thing to remember is to take it slowly and safely. Some women find that they lose weight more quickly when breastfeeding, and others find the opposite is true.  Maintain a balanced diet and remember that you do need to ingest enough calories to sustain your breastmilk production in adequate amounts. You need about 200 calories per day more than when you were pregnant to do this.

You should not lose more than 1 to 1.5 lbs. per week while breastfeeding, as the toxins that are stored in body fat are released into the breastmilk. While this sounds terrible, it is usually not a problem for the baby in small amounts, hence the suggestion to lose the weight slowly. The benefits of breastfeeding definitely make it worth continuing!

As for breastfeeding immediately after working out, it is fine!

Valerie Banarie, RN, BSN, CLC



.
  I just found out that my 1 month old is lactose intolerant and have been told to stop breastfeeding.  Is this common?

It is unusual for a 4 week old infant to be diagnosed "Lactose Intolerant".  That has become somewhat of a catch all phrase for many things. If there are dairy allergies in the family, your child could be reacting to the protein of the dairy that you consume. I would first suggest eliminating as much dairy from your diet as possible. (Check labels for things that contain whey, casean, any dairy!) It takes about 2 weeks for an infant to begin to react to the dairy that you consume. It will take at least 2 weeks to get the dairy out of your system.  It would be interesting to know the criteria used to diagnose your infant lactose intolerant.

Denise G Hewson RN, IBCLC

.



  My toddler is a very active nurser. He twists around, kicks, pokes, grabs and more. He pinches and pulls any moles he can get his hands on and he grabs my other nipple whenever possible. What can I do to stop or reduce this behavior? I like nursing, but all this other touching is too much for me. My nipples are sensitive and I want to go through the roof whenever he 'twiddles' one while nursing on the other.

Often toddlers will twiddle the opposite nipple, some experts feel that it helps to encourage a faster or additional letdown.  It can be very aggravating, and in some cases quite painful!

I view this problem more as a behavior modification situation than a nursing problem Basically you must use behavior modification techniques similar to what you are probably already doing to discourage other unwanted behavior in your toddler. I would not allow him to pinch ever! If he pinches, you can put him down and say no, it hurts mommy or something equally emphatic. He will soon learn that he cannot nurse if he does that.

The nipple twiddling is often harder to break after a baby learns to do it. Some mothers hold the baby's hands or encourage the child to hold something in his hand while nursing. Perhaps he has a lovey blanket or stuffed animal that he can cuddle even while nursing. You may even have to keep the opposite side completely covered and keep your arm ready to push his hand away if he goes for it. Again, consistency with love should win out.

Your baby may be growing out of his need to nurse. You may want to limit his nursing to only times when he is tired or needs comforting. If he is twisting around he may be nursing due to boredom and then something interesting happens and he is distracted. He may also just not know what he wants to do. You, as his mother, can channel his interests at this young age toward new things. Reading books is a good transition because the baby gets to cuddle up and gets "laptime" without needing to nurse. Dad's are good for this too!

You may not be thinking of weaning but all this is the normal pathway to your baby becoming a little boy, gradually and with lots of love!

Elaine Matheny, BS, IBCLC 




  What is a plugged duct?  A breast infection?.

If you don't empty your breasts when they are full, you could get a plugged duct.   It will get "stopped up" just like a plumbing pipe.  When this happens, you might notice a small tender spot or lump in the breast.  It might happen when the baby decides to sleep through the night, or if you get busy and don't nurse as often.  Sometimes a tight bra can be pressing on a milk duct.  Stress and poor nutrition can also cause plugged milk ducts.  Do this for a plugged duct:

*Get plenty of rest and nurse OFTEN.  Take the baby to bed with you.

*Apply warm moist heat to the affected breast or soak it in warm water, or take a hot shower or bath.

*Massage the breast before nursing to help the milk flow.

*Change positions each time you nurse so all ducts will be emptied.

If you have the same symptoms PLUS feel achy like you have the "flu" and a fever, you probably have a BREAST INFECTION (MASTITIS).  You get a breast infection if you do not treat a plugged duct.  If your breast does get infected, you should use the same treatments as above and also call your health care provider.  An antibiotic will probably be prescribed for you.  Remember to continue nursing frequently.   The milk from an infected breast will not harm the baby.  Breast infections are common during the holiday season because a lot of mothers get so busy they skip feedings. (1)




  How do I treat sore nipples?.

Some amount of tenderness at first is normal, but if the baby is held in the correct position, nipples should never blister, crack or bleed.  If your nipples do get sore, you should do the following:

*Change positions at every feeding.  This puts the pressure of the baby's gums on a different spot each time. (Cradle hold, lying down and football  hold.) 

*Nurse more often, but for shorter lengths of time.  If you go longer between feedings, the baby will be hungrier and nurse too hard and make your breasts even more sore.

*Rub breast milk on the nipple after each feeding and let dry.  It actually helps heal them.

*Don't use soap or alcohol on the nipples.

*If the pain is severe, take a mild painkiller about 30 minutes before nursing.

If your nipples are CRACKED OR BLEEDING, rub a small amount of medical grade modified lanolin (made specifically for breastfeeding mothers) on the nipples.  This treatment, called "moist wound healing," will relieve pain, and provide a moisture barrier that will slow the evaporation of moisture that is present in the skin.  It will allow the wound to heal much faster without forming a scab.   Pure lanolin does not have to be removed before the baby nurses. (1)

.


  Nursing to me is painful (baby bites down and sucks hard in any position), inconvenient when we are out and busy, and is not a bonding experience for me. My husband also feels helpless when our son is crying because he is hungry and I am the only one that can help him.  I want to switch to bottles.  How often do I need to pump per day?

My heart goes out to you.  I had such a bad experience with my first daughter that I actually said I would never try breastfeeding again. My two daughters are 15 years apart though, and time has a way of dulling memories, so I decided to give it another try. Pain again!

This time I got help, and after I found out that breastfeeding could be pain-free, I began to enjoy it. As time went by, I began to love it, and as you can see now, I decided to change professions!

There is nothing in the world more wonderful than breastfeeding your baby--but it will never be understood when you are in pain. Feeding time with your baby should be happy and fun, so of course yours hasn't been a bonding experience! I understand your decision to change to bottle feeding, but would encourage you before you do to try to find help.   Breastfeeding is meant to feel good! If breastfeeding hurts, it's WRONG.

It could be simply a positioning problem-- something that a lactation consultant could help you with very quickly. It could also be a yeast problem (very likely) which causes exquisite pain. It could be a suck problem. But regardless of what is causing the pain, there is help available.  La Leche League can also be a great help to you. It was there that I learned how to breastfeed my baby when I was out and about and later even to discretely nurse in public. (No bottles to fool with).

As to your husband feeling helpless, he can certainly give your baby a bottle. It is only during the early weeks that women should avoid bottles because of nipple confusion.   Once a baby is a month old, he should be able to go back and forth from one to the other.

If you are sure that you don't want to seek further help with breastfeeding, and you want to change to pumping bottles, my first advice to you is to get a good hospital-grade breast pump with double pumping. Double pumping has been shown to actually help increase supply, in addition to cutting your pumping time in half. You will need to pump on a similar schedule to what your baby has been doing--approximately every 3 hours during the day, and at least once at night. As your baby grows and you need more milk, you can increase frequency for several days (every 2 hours while you are awake) to help increase your supply. Double pumping only takes 10-15 minutes total.

Cher Sealy, RN, BSN, IBCLC, LLLL




  When will my periods start?.

Most mothers who are nursing completely (no solids or formula) will not have menstrual periods for several months.  Some women even go much longer than that.   It depends on your hormones.  Nursing while you are having a period will not affect your milk and is not a reason to wean.  However, your nipples and breasts might be a little tender during this time. (1)




  Can I get pregnant while nursing?.

YES, YOU CAN get pregnant while breastfeeding, but it is rare to ovulate before you have your first menstrual period.  Complete breastfeeding (no solids, formula, or even pacifiers) will probably protect you for the first 4 or 5 months.  If it is important that you NOT get pregnant, use some other type of birth control.  Ask your doctor for advice on other types of birth control. 

In countries where MOST women breastfeed, and they use NO birth control, the babies come about every two years. (1)




  Can I take birth control pills?.

Yes.  Birth control pills are used by many nursing mothers, but other contraceptive methods are better.  The "mini" pill, (progestin only) or the Norplant are commonly used.  These appear to have less effect on your milk supply and your baby's growth than the other pills.  But they probably will affect both.

The "regular" birth control pill (estrogen-progestin) definitely affects your milk supply and your baby's growth.  It is better to wait at least 4 to 6 months (when your baby is taking solids) before taking them.

There are other birth control options.  Condoms and diaphragms are excellent choices that don't affect your milk supply or your baby's growth. (1)




  What is thrush?.

Thrush is a yeast infection in the baby's mouth.  It looks like white patches on his tongue, gums and inside his cheeks.  It may also show up as a diaper rash that peels or looks like red dots.  It is often caused by antibiotics that have been given to either the mother or the baby.

When a baby has thrush, it will usually spread to the mother's nipples and they will become red and very sore.  When you get sore nipples after several weeks or even months of breastfeeding, thrush is probably the cause.

The treatment for thrush usually involves nystatin (Mycostatin) ointment or drops.   Both the baby's mouth and the mother's nipples have to be treated with it. (1)




  More On thrush..

Some  tips for thrush treatment:

1) Be sure to boil everyday for 10 minutes anything that goes in the baby's mouth (except for your breast!).

2) Be sure to use the nystatin for a full ten days on both baby and you. It is best if you apply the ointment to your nipples lightly but frequently, after every nursing.

3) Also, you should apply the nystatin lotion to baby's mouth with a Q tip and rub it all around. It works topically, not through the stomach so swallowing doesn't help!

One lactation consultant suggests this method of applying the nystatin to baby: In the morning, pour out the total amount of nystatin for the day into a clean paper cup. Put the nystatin in baby's mouth after every nursing but use a clean Q tip every time you dip into the medicine. That way you are applying the medicine more often without using too much over the course of the day. It will kill the yeast more effectively that way.

Elaine Matheny, BS, IBCLC




  Are there foods I shouldn't eat?.

Generally speaking, you can eat anything you want to, IN MODERATION.  Most mothers are able to eat anything they want with no problems.  However, there are some babies whose digestive systems are not fully mature, and spicy and gassy foods like pizza, onions, cabbage, broccoli or beans MIGHT make them fussy.  Chocolate and caffeine may also give them problems.  Try eating different foods, one at a time, to see how your baby reacts to them.  If something really makes him fussy and uncomfortable, don't eat it for a couple of weeks.  As his digestive system matures, he can handle much more. (1)




  Can I have caffeine drinks?.

Coffee, tea, and soft drinks with caffeine should be limited.  Caffeine does pass through the milk and makes some babies restless and fussy.  Try decaffeinated coffee and tea and caffeine-free soft drinks.  (1)




  Can I drink alcoholic drinks?.

Alcohol is a drug and it does pass through the milk to your baby.  Nursing babies whose mothers are heavy drinkers sometimes don't gain enough weight and their central nervous systems are affected.  It also affects your "letdown."  If you do want to drink occasionally, make sure you do it right after you nurse.  Drinking after nursing means the alcohol level in your milk will be low (or gone) by the next feeding. (1)

.


  I have quit smoking since I found out I was pregnant and haven't smoked yet. My baby is 6 months old now and I'm struggling with wanting a cigarette. My concern is that I don't know what will harm her....I need more information on nicotine and breastfeeding.

Congratulations on going so long without smoking. You obviously care very much about doing the best thing for your baby. She is very lucky to have you as her mommy!

Research has shown that nicotine can enter the milk but that if moms smoke fewer than 20 cigarettes a day, the amount of nicotine in the milk is small. It is best to smoke after nursing which will allow the effects to pass out of your system before the next nursing session. Heavy smoking (more than 20) can reduce milk supply and have a strong effect on the baby. Certainly the second hand smoke is most poisonous to infants and everyone should smoke away from the baby.

The problem with smoking as many as 20 cigarettes a day would be the time away from the baby. I can't figure out how a person could do it and nurse often enough! Actually, by continuing to breastfeed even if you start smoking again, you are still helping your baby to keep from getting upper respiratory infections often seen in babies who are exposed to smoke.

For your own health, and that of your baby's, I would hope that you can keep resisting the urge to smoke again.

Good luck and best wishes to you and your baby!

Sincerely, Elaine Matheny, BS, IBCLC

  .



 I have a cold/flu, with nasal congestion, sore throat and headache. Is there anything I can take to relieve my symptoms?

When looking for medicine for cold or flu symptoms, look for something that says "Non-drowsy formula." Otherwise this type of medication usually contains antihistamines--something that breastfeeding mothers should avoid, since they can decrease milk supply. Also it is best to avoid time-release medications.  Instead, buy the strength that you need to take again after 4-6 hours. Time-release medications do not always go into the bloodstream (from which milk is made) in evenly-released doses.

Also, check with local pharmacists. They are usually a wonderful but often-forgotten source of knowledge for breastfeeding women.

While you are sick, drink plenty of fluids, get extra rest, and keep nursing your baby. You may notice your milk supply decrease while you are sick. That is a normal response to physical stress (illness). As you get your rest and get well, your supply should come back up. Hope you feel better soon!

Cher Sealy, RN, BSN, IBCLC, LLLL

  .



  I had breast surgery to correct uneven breasts.  The surgery involved reduction on one side and augmentation (saline implant) on the other. I was told I would not be able to know if I could breastfeed until I actually tried.  Now it has been recommended to me that I not even try breastfeeding because this may lead to infection or a leaky implant. Can you help?

You say it has been recommended to you that you not even try breastfeeding because it may lead to infection or a leaky implant. I don't know who gave you this advice, but it is not based on any research I know of. There is no reason to believe that breastfeeding will cause implants to leak, and breastfeeding is not going to cause infection.

Millions of women have breast implants, and many of these women have breastfed their babies. You say you have saline implants, but even with silicone, there is no evidence that the silicone used in implants can pass into the milk. Since most implants are inserted through incisions under the breast or in the armpit, it is very unlikely that any milk ducts would have been severed. However, one problem with implants is that they put you more at risk for problems with engorgement.  Educate yourself about how to prevent and treat engorgement so that you will reduce the chances.

With reduction surgery, it is much more likely that nerves may be damaged or milk ducts cut. As time passes, milk ducts can grow back, nerves can repair themselves, and sensitivity can return.

The most important thing you can do is to educate yourself about breastfeeding in general and signs of adequate intake (wet diapers and stools, etc.) Also realize that it is possible to entirely sustain a baby with only one breast.

Get in touch with a local lactation consultant and La Leche League. La Leche League has a pamphlet called "Nursing with Breast Implants." Also, La Leche League's book, "The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding", discusses  all these issues. 

It is true that you will not know whether you can successfully breastfeed until you try it. However, there is certainly a very good chance that you can. Even if you find that your supply is not adequate, a nursing supplementer can enable you to continue feeding your baby at the breast.  Good luck!

Cher Sealy, RN, BSN, IBCLC, LLLL
 
.



  I want to lose weight and get back in shape.  Will nursing inhibit or slow my weight loss?  Also, is it ok to breastfeed   immediately after a workout?

Breastfeeding effects weight loss differently in every woman. The important thing to remember is to take it slowly and safely. Some women find that they lose weight more quickly when breastfeeding, and others find the opposite is true.  Maintain a balanced diet and remember that you do need to ingest enough calories to sustain your breastmilk production in adequate amounts. You need about 200 calories per day more than when you were pregnant to do this.

You should not lose more than 1 to 1.5 lbs. per week while breastfeeding, as the toxins that are stored in body fat are released into the breastmilk. While this sounds terrible, it is usually not a problem for the baby in small amounts, hence the suggestion to lose the weight slowly. The benefits of breastfeeding definitely make it worth continuing!

As for breastfeeding immediately after working out, it is fine!

Valerie Banarie, RN, BSN, CLC

.



  I just found out that my 1 month old is lactose intolerant and have been told to stop breastfeeding.  Is this common?

It is unusual for a 4 week old infant to be diagnosed "Lactose Intolerant".  That has become somewhat of a catch all phrase for many things. If there are dairy allergies in the family, your child could be reacting to the protein of the dairy that you consume. I would first suggest eliminating as much dairy from your diet as possible. (Check labels for things that contain whey, casean, any dairy!) It takes about 2 weeks for an infant to begin to react to the dairy that you consume. It will take at least 2 weeks to get the dairy out of your system.  It would be interesting to know the criteria used to diagnose your infant lactose intolerant.

Denise G Hewson RN, IBCLC

.



  My toddler is a very active nurser. He twists around, kicks, pokes, grabs and more. He pinches and pulls any moles he can get his hands on and he grabs my other nipple whenever possible. What can I do to stop or reduce this behavior? I like nursing, but all this other touching is too much for me. My nipples are sensitive and I want to go through the roof whenever he 'twiddles' one while nursing on the other.

Often toddlers will twiddle the opposite nipple, some experts feel that it helps to encourage a faster or additional letdown.  It can be very aggravating, and in some cases quite painful!

I view this problem more as a behavior modification situation than a nursing problem Basically you must use behavior modification techniques similar to what you are probably already doing to discourage other unwanted behavior in your toddler. I would not allow him to pinch ever! If he pinches, you can put him down and say no, it hurts mommy or something equally emphatic. He will soon learn that he cannot nurse if he does that.

The nipple twiddling is often harder to break after a baby learns to do it. Some mothers hold the baby's hands or encourage the child to hold something in his hand while nursing. Perhaps he has a lovey blanket or stuffed animal that he can cuddle even while nursing. You may even have to keep the opposite side completely covered and keep your arm ready to push his hand away if he goes for it. Again, consistency with love should win out.

Your baby may be growing out of his need to nurse. You may want to limit his nursing to only times when he is tired or needs comforting. If he is twisting around he may be nursing due to boredom and then something interesting happens and he is distracted. He may also just not know what he wants to do. You, as his mother, can channel his interests at this young age toward new things. Reading books is a good transition because the baby gets to cuddle up and gets "laptime" without needing to nurse. Dad's are good for this too!

You may not be thinking of weaning but all this is the normal pathway to your baby becoming a little boy, gradually and with lots of love!

Elaine Matheny, BS, IBCLC



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